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te-core /rf thermoharvesting wireless sensor system featuring thermogenerator-in-package ?? TGP-651 ?? tgp-751 preliminary datasheet
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 2 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf contents 1. introduction ..?????????????????????????????????????????????...????... 5 1.1 system introduction ??????????????????????????????????????????...??.. 5 1.2 features ................................................................................................................. ................................................................ 5 1.3 applications?????????.?????????????????????????????????...???????. 5 1.4 modular thermo-mechanical design ??????????????????????????????????..... 6 1.5 absolute maximum ratings ????..????????????????????????????????????. 6 1.6 mechanical and thermal in terfaces ????.??????????????????????????????.?.... 6 1.7 available versions ????.??????????????...?????????.??????????????.?..?.... 6 2. introducing the tgp package ???????...???????..??????????????????????...?..... 7 2.1 tgp properties ????..?????????????????????????.?????????????????..... 7 2.2 output power performance in application ??...???????????..?????????????????.. 7 2.3 tgp electrical performance without dc-dc booster ?...?????????????????????.??..? 8 2.4 output power and battery benc hmark ?????????????????..????????...??????...? 9 3. te-core /rf components and connectors?????????????...??????????????????? 10 3.1 energy harvesting board?????????????????????????????..?????????????. 10 3.1.1 dc-dc booster module hardware ????????.......???????????.?.???....????????. 10 3.1.2 dc-dc booster ????????????????????????????..???????????????...?. 11 3.1.3 storage charge hysteresis configuration ??????????????????????????????... 11 3.1.4 output voltage configuration ?????????????????????????????.????????.. 11 3.1.5 thermo generator direct access ?????????????.???.....?????????.?????????. 11 3.1.6 energy storage ?????????????..???.???????????????.?......????????????. 12 3.1.7 energy efficiency dc-dc booster??????????????..???????????????????...??.. 12 3.1.8 tgp output voltage me asurement ?.????????????????...?????????????????? 13 3.1.9 temperature sensor??????????????????????????.??????????????????.. 13 3.2 wireless sensor module...??????????????????????????..?..??.????????????.. 14 3.2.1 radio transceiver & protocol ?????????????????????????.????.?????????. 14 3.2.2 signal processing & radio ??????????????????????????????????..?????.. 14 3.2.3 wireless sensor module hardware???????????.?????????????.???..?. ??????.. 15 3.2.4 firmware programming?????????????????..??.??????????????????......??.. 17 3.2.5 usb rf receiver dongle ?????????????????????????????????????..?..??? 17 3.2.6 usb rf receiver firmware programming ?????????????????????????????.??? 17 4. thermal and mechanical information??????????????????????????????.?.??.???. 18 4.1 heat sink and convection?????????????????????????????..????????.????.. 18 4.2 polarity and heat flux direction????????????????????????????????.???.???? 18 4.3 mechanical dimensions (mm)?????????????????????????????.??????.????.. 19 4.4 general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions according din iso 2768-mk ??????.??. 20
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 3 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf contents 5. te-power scope 3.0 for windows pc????????????????????????????????????? 21 5.1 pc software application ???????????????????????????????????????????. 21 5.2 installation ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21 5.3 communication settings ?????????????????????????????????????????? 22 5.4 thermoharvesting monitor - main window operation?????????????????????????. 23 5.4.1 histogram interface functionality???????????????????????????????????? 23 5.4.2 realtime thermal data ?????????????????????????????????????????? 24 5.4.3 realtime electrical performance data ?????????????????????????????????.. 24 5.4.4 incoming data status ??????????????????????????????????????????? 24 5.4.5 change the temperature unit ??????????????????????????????????????. 25 5.4.6 use of multiple te_cor e /rf systems ????????????????????????????????? 25 5.4.7 recording and saving data ???????????????????????????????????????. 25 5.4.8 save in realtime ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 25 5.5 power budget simulation ??????????????????????????????????????????. 26 5.6 energy storage simulation ?????????????????????????????????????????.. 27 5.7 power budget simulation ??????????????????????????????????????????. 28 5.8 duty cycle parameter specifications ???????????????????????????????????. 29 6. glossary ?????????????????????????????????????????????????.??.??????????. 30 7. list of document changes ????????????????????????????????????????. ............................ ......... 30 8. circuit diagrams ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????.. 31 8.1 energy harvesting module: dc-booster ????????????????????????????????????????. 31 8.2 energy harvesting module; connectivity ???????????????????????????????????????? 32 8.3 wireless sensor module ; cpu and radio ???????????????????????????????????????? 33 8.4 wireless sensor module ; connectivity ?????????????????????????????????????????.. 34 9. important notices ? please read carefully prior to use ...??????????????????????..???..................... 35
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 4 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf congratulations ! you have chosen a powerful and vers atile thermal energy harvesting mod ule. the te-core /rf serve you for desk and lab evaluation purposes or it may be us ed as an embedded green power supply for energy auton- omous low-power electrical systems - typically with low duty cycles for co ntrol or maintenance. we appreciate your choice of using micropelt's thermo harvesting technology to explore the use of free am- bient thermal power or waste heat in stead of batteries. for a smooth st art and sustainable success with your new device, please consider the following: ?? avoid intensive mechanical stress on the heat sink (shear or shock). ?? do not expose the te-core /rf module to temperatures exceeding 105 c [221f]. ?? protect the device against extensive humidity and direct water exposure ?? the heat sink may be removed or replaced with appropriate care. important notices ? please read carefully prior to use 1. micropelt products are prototypes micropelt supplies thermoelectric coolers and generators, as well as energy harvesting modules (hereinafter referred to as ?prototype products?). the prototype products di stributed by micropelt to date are prototypes that have not yet been released to manufacturing and marketing for regular use by end-users. the prototype products are still being optimized and continuously tested. as such, the prototype products may not fully comply with design-, market ing-, and/or manufacturing-r elated protective consider ations, including product safety and environmental measures typically found in end products th at incorporate such semiconductor components or circuit boards. in addition, the products have not yet been fully tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices, neither pursuant to part 15 of fcc rules nor pursuant to any other national or international standards, which are designed to provide reasonable protecti on against radio frequency interference. 2. use of products restricted to de monstration, testing and evaluation micropelt?s prototype products are intended exclusivel y for the use for demonstration, testing and evalua- tion purposes. the prototype products must not be used productively. in particular, the prototype products must not be used in any safety-critical applications, such as (but not limited to) life support sy stems, near explosion en- dangered sites, and/or any other performance critical systems. the prototype products must only be handled by professionals in the fi eld of electronic s and engineering who are experienced in observing good engineering standard s and practices.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 5 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 1. introduction 1.1 system in troduction the te-core /rf is a comple te thermo-powered, self- sufficient wireless sensor node system (wsn). the te-core /rf is based on an energy harvesting module with power management function, which con- verts locally available waste heat thermoelectrically to indefinite free electric energy. a wireless sensor module is connected to the te- core /rf and is equipped wi th texas instruments (ti) ultra-low power technology (cc2530). a temperature difference as little as 10 oc between a hot surface and ambient ai r is enough for the te- core /rf to make a temperature measurement and a radio transmission every two seconds. via an usb receiver and pc application software, infor- mation about the thermal profile of the heat source, the generated output power, the thermal generator output voltage, the energy storage voltage and battery equivalent are displayed. 1.3 applications maintenance-free wireless sensors and actuators: ?? wireless sensors and sensor networks (wsn) ?? autonomous intelligent valves ?? industrial process control & condition monitoring ?? thermal event logging and alerting ?? smart metering ?? remote sensing & tracking 1.2 features ?? operates from temperature differentials of < 10 oc between a surface and ambient ?? connector for (pre-certified) radio modules, ?? standard equipped with pre-qualified etsi en 300 440-2 v1.4.1., im222a zigbee network processor of imst, operating in 2.4 ghz ism band http://www.wireless-solutions.de/wireless-solutions/en/products/zigbee/ im222aproz.php datasheet http://www.wireless-solutions.de/wireless-solutions/en/support/hardware- dokumente/im222aproz/im222a-znp_datasheet_v2_0.pdf ?? im222a is based on texas instruments (ti) cc2530 soc, tailored for ieee 802.15.4 and zigbee ?? application software te-power scope for thermal and electrical evaluation and simulation ?? duty-cycle 2 seconds ?? average energy consumption is <90 w ?? interfaces available: i2c, spi, gpio?s and jtag ?? high-efficiency low-cost dc-dc booster ?? supports micropelt ther mogenerator packages tgp-751 (te-core7 /rf) and TGP-651 (te-core6 /rf) ?? rohs compliant wireless sensor module energy harvesting module
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 6 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 1.5 absolute maximum ratings please ensure that during operation of the te-core /rf system the below maximum ratings, see below, are not exceeded: 1.6 mechanical and thermal interfaces the pcb and the heat sink are connected by two fas- tening screws, which fixes the tpg at the same time. clamping force is max. 25 cnm, because of pcb. (see picture ?te-core /rf main components?) between tgp and the heat sink a graphite foil ensures a good thermal path. egraph type hitherm 2505 with 127m is used as thermal interface material. 1.7 available versions the te-core/rf thermoharvesting wireless sensor system is available in two variations, differentiated by two thermal generator types: ?? te-core7 /rf : tgp-751 (thin-film teg mpg-d751 ) ?? te-core6 /rf: TGP-651 (thin-film teg mpg-d651) select te-core7 over te-core6 for: ?? operation at lowest temperature gradients ?? higher output power with better heat sink; ?> 2x power over the te-core6 is possible. te-core /rf main components 1.4 modular thermo-mechanical design the energy harvesting module of the te-core /rf operates from a heat (or co ld) thermal energy source. the tgp?s aluminum top side, its thermal input, is sup- posed to be attached to the heat source. the thickness of the thermal input acts as a spacer to protect the pcb and to ensure a thermal se paration between the hot and cold sides; i.e. optimizing energy harvesting perfor- mance through suppression of thermal ?cross talk?. the thickness of the tgp?s thermal output was chosen to provide an initial heat spreading effect towards a heat sink and at the same time allowing for population of electronic components ne xt to the tgp, even below the heat sink which usually extends well over the foot- print of the tgp. min typ max hot side temperature +10 c - + 100 oc operating temp 0 oc + 70 oc storage temp +5 oc + 35 oc esd sensitivity - - 9000 v te-core7 /rf te-core6 /rf 33.5 oc 92.3 f 35.0 oc 95.0 f dc-dc startup at 25 c ambient exchangeable heat sink heat sink interface/ thermal output heat source interface/ thermal input energy harvesting module fastening bolts for heat sink wireless sensor module im222a radio module
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 7 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf properties of tg ps tgp-751 TGP-651 teg chip inside mpg-d751 mpg-d651 electrical resistance r i 200 - 350 ? 150 - 230 ? thermal resistance r th 18 k/w 28 k/w thermovoltage s 110 mv/k 60 mv/k footprint (l x w x h) 15 x 10 x 9.3 mm 2 introducing the tgp package micropelt thermogenerators offer a unique power density, but mechanically they are quite sensitive. the tgp packaged generator protects the teg chip, facili- tates system int egration and automated assembly. its robustness simplifies thermal coupling and maximizes power output. 2.1 tgp properties different heat sink types of sk422 2.2 output power performance in application the matched output power depends on the character- istics of the thermal path from heat source to ambient (cold side). the heat sink ty pe, dimensions and position are of influence. the tgp measurements are done with te-core7 and te-core6, using different heat sinks from fischer el- ektronik, type sk422 with a length of 33 mm, 50 mm and 90 mm, placed in vertical position and thermal compound (paste) between the hot source and the thermal input. performance diagram of sk422 heat sink dimensions sk422 heat sink supplier of heat sink: www.fischerelektronik.de for direct link to heatsink page use link below http://tinyurl.com/cw9aun6 vertical test position of te-core /rf with heat sink sk422-33 tgp thermal generator in package
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 8 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 2.3 tgp electrical performance without dc-dc booster the direct output performance of the tgp devices are measured at an ambient temper ature of 25 oc with heat sink fins in vertical orientation for best natural convec- tion (see 4.1). the performance of the tgp- 751 exceeds that of the reference system te-power one/node, although both are based on the same teg mpg-d751 chip. a reduced parasitic heat flux by using the tgp compo- nent causes this improvement. the difference in performance between tgp-d651 and tgp-d751 increases with heat sink performance and higher gross temperature differentials. the diagrams provide the ou tput- voltages and power of tgp-751 and TGP-651, each integrated in a standard te-core module. dc-dc booster is not used. between the heat source and thermal input of the tgp, thermal paste is used for a good thermal connection.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 9 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 2.4 output power and battery benchmark the next table lists selected output characteristics of the tgp-751, integrated in a te-core7 /rf energy har- vesting module in standard configuration and under standard lab conditions. the dc-dc booster is not used. for an easy matching with known battery consumption figures an annual ?gross? harv esting result is provided., assuming constant thermal conditions. the output voltage of the tgp-751 at a given external (gross) temperature different ial is higher than the TGP-651 one. hence the dc-dc booster starts at lower ? t conditions. better starting conditions may be achieved by using a more efficient heat sink, as men- tioned in the following tabl e (at ambient 25oc / 77f): the te-core / rf will start operation at an open circuit tgp voltage of typical 360 mv and therefore under the next temperature profile conditions: *heat sink: fischer el ectronic, sk422-33-sa tgp output power and battery-equivalent (at 25c ambient) t hot [c] u oc [volt] power [mw] annually [mah] batteries [aa] te-core7 /rf* eh module 40 0.56 0.36 2.102 1-2 50 0.96 1.1 6.424 3-4 60 1.4 2.2 12.848 > 6 small hs (sk422 33) midsize hs (sk422 50) larger hs (sk422 90) te-core6 /rf 35.0 oc [95.0 f] 34.5 oc [94.1 f] 33.5 oc [92.3 f] te-core7 /rf 33.5 oc [92.3 f] 33.0 oc [91.4 f] 32.0 oc [89.6 f] small hs (sk422 33mm midsize hs (sk422 50) larger hs (sk422 90) te-core6 /rf 100% 125% 135% te-core7 /rf 100% 130% 185% the next table describes the increase of output power with different heat sink sizes, which can be used in combination with the energy harvesting module: te-core7 /rf with a bigger heat sink generates a sig- nificant increased output po wer, due to the lower ther- mal resistance of tpg-751. whereas for te-core6 /rf the advantages of large heat sinks are limited.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 10 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3. te-core /rf components and connectors 3.1 energy harvesting board 3.1.1 dc-dc booster module hardware pcb top view tgp: tgp-751 or TGP-651 x2: connector for external radio board zigbee network processor module im222a from imst with ti cc2530 ti soc c 3 : storage capacitor 220 f c 33 : capacitor extension interface x1: additional contacts for vcc (2) and gnd (5) pcb bottom view j 1 , j 2: soldering pads output polarity selection j 3 : jumper to disconnect tgp from dc-dc booster / power management j 4 : jumper to connect indicator led d 3 p 1 : test pad for voltage va lue at storage capacitor p 3 : raw tgp voltage output magnet - mounting positi on for permanent magnet tgp heat source interface tgp heatsink interface x2 x2 pin position for sfmh connector from samtec model sfmh-105-02-l-d-lc, pitc h 1.27 mm (front view) x2 pin no x2 pin name imst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 01, 05, 09 gnd gnd gnd ground connection supply 02 scl * gpio3 p1_0 i 2 c clock wire in/out 03 sda * reserved p1_1 i 2 c data wire in/out 04 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) supply 06 ucap gpio0/ain0 p0_0 ucap (voltage measurement at storage capacitor) out 07 uteg gpio1/ain1 p0_1 measurement from tgp voltage out 08 not wired 10 gpio2 gpio2 p0_6 io wire to t3 control (tgp open circuit voltage measurement) in x2 - terminal connector to wireless sensor module * pull up 10 kohm resistor r12 and r14 for i 2 c interface
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 11 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3.1.2 dc-dc booster the tgp output voltage is up-converted to a maximum voltage of 5.5 v. the harves ted energy is buffered in capacitor c 3 . a configurable hysteresis control ensures that the buffer is charged befo re the output voltage is activated and switches off th e output voltage when the buffer has not enough energy to operate. the output voltage is controlled by a configurable comparator. 3.1.3 storage charge hysteresis configuration the comparator (ic2, micrel mic833 ) turns the output on, once the voltage of capacitor c 3 reaches u high ; set by the resistors r 4 , r 5 and r 6 according the equations below. the output is turned off when the voltage of c 3 is below u low ; so the entire harves ted energy is used to recharge the storage capacitor c 3 . (eq. 1) (eq. 2) 3.1.4 output voltage configuration the comparator (ic 3, , ti tps780 series ) controls the configurable constant output voltage of the energy harvesting module (2.4 v by default) as long as the voltage from ic 2 is on. the voltage level is set by the resistors r 2 and r 3 according equation 3. (eq. 3) ) 3 2 1( r r uu fb out ??? volt u fb 216.1 ? ) 65 654 ( rr rrr uu ref low ? ?? ?? ) 6 654 ( r rrr uu ref high ?? ?? volt u ref 24.1 ? power management circuitry above screenshot shows the voltage regulator ic 2 tps78001, the hysteresis comparator mic833 and the related resistors r 2 - r 6 . to change the te-core output voltage and/or hystere- sis, please refer the ta ble below. use equations 1, 2 and 3 to calculate different settings. 3.1.5 thermogenerato r direct access de-solder contacts of j 3 to disconnect thermogenerator and power management. with open j 3, both open cir- cuit voltage (u oc ) and short circuit current (i sc ) of the teg can be measured at the circuit control points p 3 and p 2 . the measured values at any specific operating point allow for calculation of the maximum available output power p max according equation 4. (eq. 4) voltage regulator comparator hysteresis uout [v] r 3 [m ? ] r 2 [m ? ] r 4 [k ? ] r 5 [k ? ] r 6 [k ? ] u low [v] u high [v] 1.8 2 0.953 470 200 680 1.9 2.46 2.0 2 1.3 550 150 680 2.1 2.5 2.4 2 2 1100 200 860 2.5 3.1 2.7 1.5 1.8 1000 150 680 2.73 3.3 3.0 1 1.5 1500 150 845 3.1 3.66 3.3 1 1.8 2500 249 1200 3.37 4.1 4.5 1 2.7 2000 75 680 4.52 5 4 max isc uoc p ? ?
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 12 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3.1.6 energy storage energy harvesting power su pply implies a duty cycling application. the harvester usually does not provide enough power to run the application during its active mode. an energy storage device (buffer) is required. capacitance and maximum current characteristics of the storage capacitor in conc ert with the hysteresis set- tings must comply with both surge current and pulse duration of the application?s active cycle. important parameters of energy storage devices: ?? low leakage ?? low equivalent serial resistance (esr) << 1 ohm note: in case thin film batt eries (tfb) are considered instead of capacitors, e.g. for their extremely low leak- age, additional care must be taken to avoid damage of the tfb through overcharge or deep discharge. 3.1.7 energy efficiency of dc-dc booster additional information about more options of the dc- dc booster and the power e fficiency can be found in the datasheet of the te-c ore thermoharvesting mod- ule: http://www.micropelt.com/do wn/datasheet_te_core.pdf ?? characteristics ?? options ?? efficiency ?? calculation example storage capacitor
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 13 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3.1.8 tgp output voltage measurement the direct output voltage of tgp will be read at port p0_1 of the cc2530 cpu (voltage divider of 1:1). a special circuitry is used to monitor the open circuit output voltage of the tgp and to analyze thereby the harvested output power. the oscillation circuit of the dc-dc booster is shortly interrupted by transistor t 2 and the tgp output voltage is being connected to the adc of the cpu. this interruption is being realized by pulling a 30 kohm resistor r 10 to ground via control transistor t 3 . the time constant for this function t off can be set by an rc combination (c 5 , r 10 ) and should be kept longer as the required measurement time of the adc. (eq. 5) yellow - io voltage (gpio2) yellow - io voltage cyan - booster input voltage cyan - voltage pin 2 at capacitor c5 direct output voltage measurement at tgp ms f kohm c r t off 6.622.030 5 10 ?? ??? 3.1.9 temperature sensor absolute temperature of the tgp generator is meas- ured by a digital temperature sensor from texas instru- ment tmp102. the temperature sensor is located next to the ?cold side? of the tgp and conne cted via a cupper sheet. since the temperature gradient is directly proportional to the open circuit voltage of the tgp, the hot side temperature can be calculated and thereby the temper- ature gradient over the tg p generator, according equi- tation 6. (eq. 6) temperature sensor tmp102 ][110][][][ k mv vuocvctcoldcthot ? ????
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 14 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3.2 wireless sensor module the te-power core /rf wireless sensor module runs exclusively on the power su pplied by the tgp thermo- generator. it?s purpose is to collect data from the tem- perature sensor, tgp output voltage and storage ca- pacitor voltage and transmit those in an energy effi- cient manner wireless to th e associated rf usb receiv- er. a pre-qualified etsi en 300 440-2 v1.4.1. ,im222a zigbee network processor of imst, operating in 2.4 ghz ism band is used, based on ti?s cc2530 soc. 3.2.1 radio transceiver & protocol the rf transceiver operat es in ism channel 11 = 2.462 ghz, rf power: +4.5dbm, data rate: 250 kbaud. the total active cycle incl udes one temperature and two voltage measurements, protocol preparation (14 bytes) and uni-directional point-to-point rf transmis- sion; all done within 3.6 msec. the net ?on-air? time is less than 1 msec and the duty cycle is 2 seconds. the byte assignment (value) is: core adress : byte 1 and 2=transmitter address (1? 65636); tgp cold side temperature: byte 3 =t cold low byte; byte 4 =t cold high byte; voltage at storage capacitor: byte 5 =u cap low byte; byte 6 =u cap high byte; tgp open circuit voltage: byte 7 =u tgp_ocv low byte; byte 8=u tgp_ocv high byte; dc-dc booster input voltage: byte 9 =u tgp low byte; byte 10=u tgp high byte; sum byte 1 + byte 2 + ? + byte 10: byte 11 checksum low byte; byte 12 checksum high byte; data terminator / end character: byte 13 -cr; byte 14 - lf; 3.2.2 signal processing & radio the following figure presents the signal processing and measurement time and energy consumption for one operation cycle. the operation cycle cont ains three actions: point a: microcontroller wakes-up, from sleep mode, after which the measurement of the temperature sensor tmp102 is start ed and the storage capacitor voltage is being measured. also the tgp ocv (open circuit voltage) measurement circuit is activated. point b: open circuit voltage of the tgp is being measured and the related measurement circuit deactivated. point c: the temperature is being measured by tmp102. radio is activated and data is broadcasted. the total operating time of the system is 3.6 msec. with a duty cycle of 2 se conds, the energy consump- tion is: i average = i a t a + i b t b + i c t c = = (10ma1ms + 6ma0.85ms + (36.8ma1ms + + 25ma0.75ms)) / 2sec i average = 35.3 a ? sec p average = i average ?? u supply p average = 35.3 a ? sec ? 2.45 v = 86.5 w ?? sec timing and current consumption for one operation cycle a b c data sampling tmp102 io is high
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 15 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf wireless sensor module, component placement (top view) 3.2.3 wireless sensor module hardware wireless sensor module pcb layout (top / bottom view) x2 - pin position for fsh connector from samtec model fsh-105-04-l-ra-sl, pitc h 1.27 mm (front view) x2 x2 - terminal connector to energy harvesting module x2 * pull up 10 kohm resistor for i 2 c interface , refer 3.1 x2 pin no x2 pin name imst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 01, 05, 09 gnd gnd gnd ground connection supply 02 scl * gpio3 p1_0 i 2 c clock wire in/out 03 sda * reserved p1_1 i 2 c data wire in/out 04 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) supply 06 ucap gpio0/ain0 p0_0 ucap (voltage measurement at storage capacitor) out 07 uteg gpio1/ain1 p0_1 measurement from tgp voltage out 08 not wired 10 gpio2 gpio2 p0_6 io wire to t3 control (tgp open circuit voltage measurement) in on the reverse side of the wireless sensor mod- ule a label gives the firmware id and a unique te- core /rf module id number. the module id is sent to the pc receiver, refer 5 te-power scope software.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 16 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf x4 - i 2 c digital interface x4 pin no x4 pin name imst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 1 gnd gnd gnd ground connection supply 2 scl gpio3 p1_0 gpio3 - configurable by software in / out 3 sda reserved p1_1 configurable by software in / out 4 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) supply x5 pin no x5 pin name iimst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 1 gnd gnd gnd ground connection supply 2 miso miso p1_7 spi miso - master input save output out 3 mosi mosi p1_6 spi mosi - master output slave input in 4 clk clk p1_5 spi clk - serial clock in 5 /ss /ss p1_4 spi ss - slave select (low activ) in 6 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) supply x5 - spi digital interface x6 pin no x6 pin name iimst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 1 p0_2 rxd p0_2 rxd (uart receive pin) in 2 p0_3 txd/mrdy p0_3 txd (uart tr ansmit pin) / spi mrdy out/in 3 p1_2 cfgo p1_2 cfgo0 in 4 p0_4 cts/srdy p0_4 cts (uart cts pin) / spi srdy in/out 5 p1_3 btl p1_3 low active bootloader in 6 p2_0 cfg1 p2_0 cfg1, gnd for uart, vdd for spi in x6 - free io ports x3pin no x3 pin name imst im222a name ti cc2530 name description pin type 1 gnd gnd gnd ground connection supply 2 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) target supply 3 dc dc p2_2 clock line for debugging and programming in 4 dd dd p2_1 data line for debugging and programming in/out 7 reset /reset /reset low active reset input pin 9 vcc vcc vcc supply voltage (typical 2.4 volt) debugger supply 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 not wired x3 - c programming jtag connector
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 17 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 3.2.4 firmware programming the wireless sensor module can be programmed via jtag by the cc debugger from texas instruments. connector x3 is available to contact the cc debugger via a 10-pin flat cable (2x5 1.27 mm). more information about cc debugger can be found at: http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/swru197c/swru197c.pdf already compiled firmware, as hex file, can be pro- grammed using ?smartrf stud io? software from texas instruments. description via the link (to cc debugger) above. the flash software can be downloaded at: www.ti.com/smartrfstudio cc debugger from ti 3.2.5 usb rf receiver dongle incoming data from the te-core /rf is received via the usb receiver dongle of th e company imst, (supplied with the te-core /rf system) including the same im222a radio module. usb driver can be downlo aded from the manufacturers homepage: http://www.ftdichip.com/drivers/vcp.htm for windows pc please install only usb driver version 2.08.14. usb receiver with and without plastic cover 3.2.6 usb rf receiver firmware programming the usb receiver can be programmed directly from a pc without the cc debugger. in this case the firmware from usb receiver should be compiled to a bin file. put the usb receiver to free usb port and wait for the au- tomatic driver installation or install the driver manually. the bootloader program ?imstzigbeebootloderstarter. exe? must be started. set under ?com port? the al ready installed com port value (for example com27) and press button ?start bootloading process?. after several seconds the new program ?serial bootloader demo ?v1.0? will automati- cally open. select the ?cc2530_receiver_core.bin? from the file directory and select the co rrect com port name. finally press the button ?loa d image? and wait for the program message ?download completed successfully?.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 18 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf solder pads j 1 and j 2 connection for heat flux direction (standard de- livered) solder pads j 1 and j 2 connection for reversed heat flux direction 4.3 connection to hot source the best method to connect the te-core /rf to a hot source is: ?? magnetic surface - in this case simply use the mag- net on the reverse side from te-core /rf ?? none magnetic surface - use the enclosed self- adhesive magnetic disks to connect to the hot sur- face. just remove the prot ector foil from the self- adhesive magnetic disks and connect to the warm surface. ?? with bolts a firm connection is achieved between the thermal input and the hot source. attach bolts though the isolated rings of the energy harvesting module. thermal compound (paste) must be used between the hot source and thermal input of the tgp 4 thermal and mechanical information use thermal compound (paste) between the hot source and thermal input of the tgp, in order to achieve a good thermal performance ! 4.1 heat sink and convection both positioning and orientation of the te-core /rf are of major importance for the harvesting yield. the orientation of the heatsink and its fins relative to the heat source and the direction of natural or forced con- vection deserve special attention. please avoid placing the te-core /rf in horizontal ori- entation on top of a heat so urce. this will minimize the effective temperature differe ntial. prefer a mounting position on the side or underside of a heat source. a forced air flow along the heat sink fins, e.g. from a motor fan or ventilator, usually maximizes power re- heat sink orientation matters! due to the uni-polar design of the te-core /rf, a manual polarity option is provided. solder pads are available on the bottom side of the pcb (j 1 and j 2 ), by which the polarity can be determined. 4.2 polarity and heat flux direction along with a change of the he at flux direction, the po- larity of the tgp?s output voltage inverts. standard setting of te-core /rf : the thermal input is the hot side and the heat sink is the cold side or room temperature. standard heat flux reverse heat flux thermal paste heat sink heat source thermal radiation magnet / .-
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 19 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 4.3 mechanical dimensions (mm) tolerances according iso 2768-mk (medium), see table next page. except tolerances are given in the drawing. te-core /rf (top view) te-core /rf (bottom view) position for drillings te-core /rf (side view)
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 20 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 4.4 general tolerances for linear and angu lar dimensions according din iso 2768-mk for te-core /rf tolerance class ?medium? is applicable. permissible deviations in mm for ranges in nominal lengths f (fine) tolerance class designation (description) v (very coarse) m (medium) c (coarse) 0.5 up to 3 0.05 0.1 0.2 - over 3 up to 6 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.5 over 6 up to 30 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 over 30 up to 120 0.15 0.3 0.8 1.5 over 120 up to 400 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.5 over 400 up to 1000 0.3 0.8 2.0 4.0 over 1000 up to 2000 0.5 1.2 3.0 6.0 over 2000 up to 4000 - 2.0 4.0 8.0
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 21 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5. te-power scope 3.0 for windows pc 5.1 pc software application the te-power core /rf system was designed to facili- tate a comprehensive understanding of thermoharvest- ing as a technology; eventu ally a thermogenerator will power your application. the te-power scope uses the signals received from the a ssociated te-power core / rf system to indicate and visualize all relevant evalua- tion aspects on a convenient graphical interface. you can easily determine in real-time: ?? temperatures and tgp voltage in a histogram with zoom capabilities ?? momentary thermal and elec trical status values, including tgp open circuit voltage, thermoelec- trical power ?? simulated charge progress of a configurable battery (or capacitor) ?? simulated power budget of a duty-cycle- configurable attached system, which can be hooked up to the simulated storage unit. ?? data-logger function; data stored in file. te-power scope 3.xx accepts and visualizes the data received from up to 5 te- core /rf units. important !!! to avoid software malfunction, it is strongly recommended to follow the sequence described below! while the te-power scope is running, removal of the usb-receiver should be avoi ded. if this happens, follow this instructions : click the ?stop? button, re-i nsert the usb receiver and wait 5 seconds until the com-port is allocated. then, verify the ?settings? to make sure that the initially se- lected com-port is chosen again. close the settings window and click ?run?. histogram with measured data extra functions id of te-core /rf real-time measurements calculated power and battery-equivalent 5.2 installation 1. download the te-power scope software from the micropelt website (zip file 1.1 mb): http://www.micropelt.com/software/te_power_scope_core.zip unzip the te_power_scope .exe file to you pc and execute. 2. connect the usb receiver to a free usb port. windows automatically installs the usb-driver (if the driver does not in stall automatically please read page 17). you will need administrator access to your computer to successful driver installation. 3. select the com-port in the ?com settings? of the te-power scope. fo r details, refer to page 22 . 4. place the te-core /rf on a target surface of at least 40 c [104 f]. we recommend a vertical alignment (refer to page 18). 5. press button ?run? on the te-power scope
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 22 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.3 communication settings a couple of seconds after attaching the te-core /rf to a heat source, it starts transmitting data, indicated by a flashing red led on th e wireless sensor module. the usb receiver indicates re ceived signal with a blink- ing red led. only visible if the white plastic cover is removed. com port assignment is requ ired for the first start on- ly. for all other parameters in the ?settings? window, defaults remain unchanged: baud rate = 38400 data bits = 8 stop bits = 1 parity = none flow control = none setup values get saved to def ault upon clicking ?ok?. in case you already used the micropelt te-power node system in the past, please note that you might have to actively change the baud rate to the correct value ! screenshot setup the te-power scope v3.0 application software re- ceives the data via a virtual com port. this port must be correctly configured to enable the wireless data transfer. 1. click on ?com settings? to open the ?setup? win- dow. 2. click ?port? pull-down button to open the list of available ports. 3. click on the highest va lue (at the bottom), then click ok. 4. click ?run? in the main window and see if the histogram displays values and the image of the te-core /rf appears below the histogram. 5. if nothing happens go back to step 1 and select the next port value, etc. screenshot device manager experienced users may just look up the windows de- vice manager to find the port associated with the ?usb serial port?. the port numb er is displayed after the device name, set in brackets, e.g. (com12).
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 23 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf te-power scope - main window in operation 5.4 thermoharvesting monitor - main window operation click ?run? to start receivin g and displaying the data transmitted by the te-power core /rf. next figure shows the user interface in active mode. 5.4.1 histogram interface functionality the histogram displays the monitoring period in an accumulated format. a ll values are visible, un- less the zoom function used. to zoom, click the top left corner of the region of interest and then draw a box to the bottom right of that region. the zoomed view will not be updated. go to the original view by click on ?rst? or draw a frame from bottom right to top left anywhere on the histogram area. 1 the data displayed in th e diagram are selected by the user via check boxes on the top left of the histogram frame. ?t1, t2? is the default setting. tgp open circuit voltage can be selected manually via the check box. the value can be read on the right-hand side of the histogram. unde rlying colors correspond with the respective histogram lines. the selection may be changed at any time during the recording period as they remain stored in the histogram database. a click on ?save diagram? lets you name and save the current database to your selected location. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 24 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.4.2 realtime thermal data momentary values from ea ch transmission cycle (1 update per two second) are displayed numeri- cally in the ?realtime values? section. the numbers include tgp cold side temp erature ?tcold?; tgp hot side temperature ?thot?, temperature difference at tgp ? ? t? and the heat source temperature ?t heat source ?. tgp hot side is calculat ed from the known average seebeck voltage of the tgp and the measured ocv voltage. uocv - measured tgp open circuit voltage, and 110 mv/k - seebeck voltage at tgp-751 for 1 k tempera- ture difference. the heat source temperature is calculated by adding a correction factor to thot an d results in an accuracy of +/- 2 oc. 5.4.3 realtime electrical performance data electrical performance values are displayed at the right corner at ? electrical tgp ?. voltage (ocv) [volt] represents the open circuit voltage from the tgp at actual thermal conditions. the values of the electrical matched power [mw] is a calculated based on a matched load, i.e. it is assumed, that the tgp is connected to a load resistance of a magnitude similar to its internal resistance. power ratio [%] is the relation between the actual measured matched output po wer of the tgp and the average power consumption of the te-core /rf sys- tem and is calculated as following: battery aa cell with 1.5 volt operating voltage. this value can be calculated by following equations: 3 kmv uocv tcold thot /110 ?? 4 %100 ._ ? ? ? paverage eff dcbooster pmatched ratio dayh volt eff dcbooster pmatched c v 36524 5.1 ._ )5.1( ?? ? ? the default dc booster effici ency is set to 100 % and can be change, according the instruction in 5.5. battery-equivalent represents the calculated amount of 1.5 volt aa batteries . this value can be calculated by following equations: 5.4.4 incoming data status the radio signal strength rss in [%] presents the quality of the receiving ra dio signal. within the radio protocol two bytes are allocated for a check sum correction. at successful ra dio reception, the check sum indicator will turn green with the status infor- mation ?ok?. if the transmitting data is corrupt or not complete, the indicator will turn red with the message ?data error?. under the condition that no radio signal is detected, there is no checksum indi cator and the message field mentions ?no data?. 5
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 25 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.4.5 change the temperature unit the temperature unit is config- ured by default in celsius degree [c] and can be changed to fahrenheit degree by using the to button ?c /f?. 5.4.6 use of multiple te-core /rf systems more complex monitoring of a thermal profile will likely yield faster when multiple sensors are in just one setup. to support such scenario the te-power scope offers the multi-core functionality. individual device addresses for each te-power core / rf allow to connect and identify up to five units to one te-power scope application. once an additional te- core /rf signal is being received, a new tab with the corresponding address (?core nnn?) appears at the top of the histogram. to select a specific te-core /rf, just click its tab. click the ?rename? button to assign an individual and more info rmative name to the cur- rent te-core /rf sensor. if no data is received for more than 10 seconds, the corresponding tab turns grey and the image of the te- core /rf below the diagram disappears. this allows fast identification of ac tive te-core /rf?s. 5.4.7 recording and saving data histogram data may be saved for later analysis by either checking the ?save in realtime? option or by clicking ?save diagram?. se lecting either option will bring up the ?save as? dialog box, asking for name and target location of the file. files are saved in the csv data format, compatible with any text editor or spread- sheet software such as ms excel. as indicated by the button?s position inside th e blue diagram area ?save diagram? saves just the data of the selected te-core / rf. if recording is to be continued, it is necessary to save again in order to keep the new data . 6 7 8 5.4.8 save in realtime ?save in real-time? establishes long term record- ing. the function continuo usly logs the data of all active te-core /rf?s to a specified file - eventual- ly, if not stopped, until the target storage medium runs out of space. the check mark remains visibl e to indicate that real time saving is in progress. the horizontal time axis of the histogram will always indicate the duration of the recording. when to use ?save in realtime?: to ensure all data of all active te-cores are kept safe and in one single file. it will be easy to separate them in any spreadsheet program. any long term harvesting study or observation of random events, e.g. changing environmental conditions, calls for long term record- ing. prevent data loss from unexpected system shut- down, e.g. power-loss of the pc. recorded data is safe in such an event. perform data recording that continues past midnight, i.e. 00:00 system time: at 00 :00 system time, all system memory (ram) data is deleted and the diagram is cleared. this does not apply to ?save in realtime? hard disk re- cordings. data is safely kept in a log file and logging continues past midnight without interruption. 9
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 26 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.5 power budget simulation after having evaluated the power produced by the te- core /rf and the behavior of the heat source over time, the next step of evaluation is due. since all har- vester driven wireless systems require some energy storage to supply the current burst for the active part of the duty cycle, it is helpful to visualize how long it will take to (re-)charge a capacitor or a battery under the prevailing harvesting conditions of each te-core / rf that is actively linked with your te-power scope. checking the ?power budg et? checkbox opens the ?power budget simula tion? window the power budget simulation lets you: parameterize a virtual energy storage device simulate and visualize char ging or discharging of this energy storage in both stat us and progress, based on the thermoharvester?s net energy output, parameterize your ?virtual? target wireless system in terms of it?s basic duty cycle characteristics, which determine its average power consumption, view the virtual wireless system?s resulting aver- age power consumption, connect this virtual load to the virtual energy storage to determine the resultin g ?power balance?. this will prove whether or not the intended target application will run sustainably in the environment where you placed the respective te-core /rf. launch the ?power budget simulation? 3 4 1 2 5 6 active ?power budget simulation? window 1 2 3 4 6 5 note: for optimum energy yield, both proper heat source attachment and effective heat sinking are essential. if the system yields less power than expected, a careful check of the thermal path usually solves the issue; refer 4, thermal and mechanical information. due to slow propagation of heat, it?s normal for the te-core /rf to start broadcasting of data only several seconds after it has been at- tached to the heat source.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 27 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.6 energy storage simulation the ? capacity ? of the rechargeable (battery or capaci- tor) must be entered in mah as indicated by the re- spective field caption. a capacitor?s energy content needs to be convert ed using the formula: some useful unit conversions: c b [mah] = (u[v] * c c [f]) / 3.6 with u: voltage of the consi dered storage unit at full charge, c c : capacity of a capacitor in farad c b : capacity of the same capacitor in mah note: this formula does not reflect that a capacitor?s energy can be used only between its maximum charge level and the minimum operating voltage of the pow- ered system. the mah capaci ty given on rechargeables usually include this restriction. ?energy storage? simulation ensure the ? voltage ? field is set to the voltage of the considered storage un it at full charge. the ? efficiency ? field indicates the remaining percent- age of energy from the tgp after subtracting all as- sumed or known losses of th e energy harvesting mod- ule or other used power conditioning the default value of 70% is at the lower end of the performance. if the attached energy storage feat ures significant charging losses it is recommendable to include these losses by reducing the ?efficiency ? value accordingly. whatever ?efficiency? has been set by the user, it will be multiplied with the gross harvesting power shown in the te-power scope main window. the result is shown as ? generated tgp power? , again assuming that the attached load resistance is matched to that of the power conditioning circuit. for the energy harvest- ing module, load matching occurs between 7 and 10 kohms. the charge level of the en ergy storage is visual- ized dynamically by the ? stored energy ? battery symbol. the smaller the ?c apacity? the faster the indicated charge progress at any given harvesting in- put. the length of the colored bar indicates the percentage of charge based on the set capacity. the absolute val- ue of energy stored is displayed to the left of the bat- tery symbol. once the stored ener- gy reaches the value set under ?capacity?, e.g. 0.001 mah, the indicator bar will hit the top end of the scale. doubling the ?capacity? value will bring it back to 50% in the middle. a green bar indicates charging in progress, red means discharging - due to a negative ?power balance? which occurs wh enever the virtuall at- tached load draws more energy than is currently up- plied by the generator. note: entering realistic ?capacity? values, e.g. for a thin film battery, will cause the battery charge indication to slow or virtually stop as it always scales to the set ?capacity?. ?harvesting time ? indicates the ac cumulated active time of the te-core /rf. if it does not transmit it does not charge either.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 28 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.7 power budget simulation the right part of the ?pow er budget simulation? win- dow is dedicated to configur e and simulate a virtual load, which should be po wered by the thermogenera- tor. this can be a real or just a conceived wireless ap- plication with specific power consumption and duty cycle parameters. these parameters are entered into the respective fields under ?load settings?. the calcu- lation concept of this function assumes that duty cycle = sleep time + active time . based on the known duty cycle specifications the first part of the ?power budget? is displayed as ?average power demand?. this answers the first of two essential questions: how much power does my system consume on average? the final question is: does the thermogenerator supply enough power to run my system sustainable ? ?power balance? simulation ?power balance? with good margin ?power balance? near zero margin negative ?power balance?: charge indicator turns red when load is connected the ? power balance ? answers this question by sub- tracting from the ? generated tgp power ? the ? average power required ? by the virtual wireless sys- tem. any positive value means there is more power generator than is required by the application. hence, continuous operation is possible. if the ?power balance? is negative, the at tached system will draw the difference from the energy storage. the charge level indicator bar will turn red as soon as the load is connected to the ?energy storage?. the thermal situation of th e thermogenerator must be considered carefully, e.g. by checking the histogram: the power budget should be positive under all operat- ing conditions and use-cases. with a sizeable energy storage, though, it is po ssible to bridge supply gaps.
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 29 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 5.8 duty cycle parameter specifications ?sleep time ?: how long is the average or fixed period the attached system is in sleep mode with much re- duced power consumption? any period length must be entered in milliseconds. note: this must not include the active period?s duration. ?sleep power ?: what is the power consumption during the sleep period? refer to the field caption for re- quired units. ? active time ?: how long is the average or fixed active period the attached system is active, doing sensing computing or radio transmi ssion? any period length must be entered in milliseconds. note: this value must not include the sleep period. ? active power ?: what is the power consumption dur- ing the active period? sinc e power consumption varies with the tasks carried out du ring the active period, each specific portion should be accumulated and aver- aged over the entire active period. the resulting value is entered into this field. refer to the field caption for required units. checking ? connect load ? virtually connects the load to the thermogenerator. with a positive energy balance, the battery continues to be charged (green level indi- cator) while a negative energy balance discharges the battery (red level indicator). ? power balance ? is always calculated and updated during active connection to an attached te-core /rf. however, the charge level color indication only works with ?connect load? being checked ?power balance? simulation
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 30 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 6. glossary tgp thermal generator in package mpg-d751/d651 micropelt thin-film thermo electric generator chips type pcb printed circuit board teg thermoelectric genera tor, thermogenerator ocv open circuit voltage soc system-on-chip or system on a chip 7. list of document changes ver. 1.0 (2011-12.13) first version of te -core /rf datasheet ver. 1.2 (2012-02.01) links to wireless module of imst exchanged ver. 1.3 (2012-04.04) optical improvements, images; page 6, absolute max. ratings; page 7, link to supplier of heat sink fischer elek tronik exchanged ver. 1.4 (2012-10.17) page 11, 3.1.5 thermogenerator direct access optical, corrected naming of circuit control points
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 31 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 8. circuit diagrams 8.1 energy harvesting module: dc-booster
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 32 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 8.2 energy harvesting module: connectivity
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 33 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 8.3 wireless sensor module: cpu and radio
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 34 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 8.4 wireless sensor module: connectivity
micropelt - preliminary - datasheet te-core /rf v1.4 | page 35 thermoharvesting wireless sensor system micropelt te-core /rf 9. important notices ? plea se read carefully prior to use 1. micropelt products are prototypes micropelt supplies thermoelectric coolers and generators, as well as energy harvesting modules (hereinafter referred to as ?prototype products?). the prototype products distributed by micropelt to date are prototypes that have not yet been released to manufacturing and marketi ng for regular use by end-users. the prototype products ar e still being optimized and continuously tested. as such, the prototype products may not fully comply with design-, marketing-, and/or manufactu ring-related protective cons iderations, including product safety and environmental me asures typically found in end products that incorporate such semiconductor components or circuit boards. in addition, the products have not yet been fully tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices, neither pursuant to part 15 of fcc rules nor pursuant to any other national or international standa rds, which are designed to provide reasonable protection agains t radio frequency interference. 2. use of products restricted to de monstration, testing and evaluation micropelt?s prototype products are intend ed exclusively for the use for demonstrat ion, testing and evaluation purposes. the prototype products must not be used productively. in particul ar, the prototype products must not be used in any safety-crit ical applications, such as (but not limited to) life support systems, near explosion endangered sites, and/or any other performance critical syste ms. the prototype products must only be handle d by professionals in the field of electr onics and engineering who are experienced in observing good engineering standards and practices. 3. warnings and use instructions ?? using micropelt?s prototype products without care and in the wron g context is potentially dangerous and could result in injury or damage. the prototype products are designed for use within closed rooms in conditions as apply for electronics such as computers; excep t when indicat- ed expressively. keep the prototype products away from open fire, water, chemicals, gases, explosives as well as from temperatu re conditions above 100 degrees centigrade, or as indicate d in the datasheet of the pr oduct. when testing temper ature settings at the limits given in the datasheet for longer term, do not leave the prototype products al one but monitor their performance. take special care to monito r closely when- ever the prototype products are connected to other electrical items and/or electronics. ?? if prototype products use wireless data transmission technology , therefore they receive and radiate radio frequency energy. the y have not yet been fully tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices, neither pursuant to part 15 of fcc rules nor pursuant to any other nation- al or international standards, which are designed to provide re asonable protection against radio frequency interference. operat ion of the proto- type products may cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to t ake whatever measures may be necessary to correct this interference and prevent potential damage. do take special care not to operate the pr ototype prod- ucts near safety-critical applications or any other applications known to be affected by radio frequencies. ?? if any of the prototype products elements are separated from the complete module and used independ ently, it is important to con trol each individual system?s power supply to be within their acceptable voltage and/or amperage range. exceeding the specified supply vo ltage and/or amperage range may cause unintended behavior and/or irreversible damage to the prototype products and/or connected applications . please consult the prototype products? datasheet prior to connecting any load to the prototype products? output. applying loads outsi de of the speci- fied output range may result in unintended behavior and/or perm anent damage to the prototype products. if there is uncertainty as to the sup- ply or load specification, plea se contact a micropelt engineer. ?? during normal operation, some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than 70c. the prototype products are desig ned to operate properly with cert ain components above 70c as long as the input and output ranges are maintained. these components inc lude but are not limited to linear regulators, switching transistors, pass transistors, and current sense resistors. these types of devi ces can be identified using the evaluation unit schematic located in the evaluation unit user's guide. when placing measurement probes near these dev ices during operation, please be aware that these devices may be as hot as to inflict the risk of burning skin when touched. ?? due to the open construction of the protot ype products, it is the user?s responsibili ty to take any and a ll appropriate precaut ions with regard to electrostatic discharge and any other prevention measures for safety. 4. user?s feedback micropelt welcomes the user?s feedback on the results of any te sts and evaluations of the prototype products. in particular, we appreciate experi- ence information on use cases with indications of strengths and weaknesses of the prototype products, its robustness in operati on and its long- term durability. please, contact our micropelt application en gineering colleagues by email at engineering@micropelt.com. prototype products, its robustness in operation and its long-ter m durability. please, contact our micropelt application enginee ring colleagues by email at engineering@micropelt.com. micropelt gmbh | emmy-noether-s tr. 2 | 79110 freiburg (germany)

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